JLPT N4 Grammar
Complete list of JLPT N4 Grammar points with meaning, formation, examples and audio. Tap any point for a full explanation.
- （疑問詞）〜か embedded question (whether / what / who…)
- 〜から because ~ (reason)
- 〜ても even if ~ / even though ~
- 〜ために in order to; for the sake of
- 〜てしまう to do completely; to end up doing (regret)
- 〜つもりだ to intend to; to plan to
- （自動詞）ている be in a state (result of an intransitive change)
- 〜ば if; conditional
- 〜のに even though; although (unexpected/regret)
- 〜ほど〜ない not as ... as ~ (comparison)
- 数量＋も as much/many as ~ (emphasizing a large amount)
- 〜間 while; during the whole time that
- 〜間に while; during (at some point within)
- 〜終わる finish doing; do until the end
- 〜がする to sense (a smell, sound, taste, feeling)
- 〜かどうか whether (or not)
- 〜かもしれない might; may; perhaps
- 〜ことがある there are times when; sometimes do
- 〜ことにする decide to (do)
- 〜ことになる it has been decided that; it turns out that
- 〜させてください please let me (do); allow me to
- 〜しか〜ない only; nothing/no one but (+ negative)
- 〜し、〜し and (besides); both... and (listing reasons)
- 〜すぎる too much; excessively
- 〜くする・〜にする to make (something) ...; to turn into
- 〜そうです（伝聞） I hear that ...; they say that ...
- 〜出す to suddenly start ...; to begin ... (out)
- 〜たばかり just did; only just
- 〜たらいいですか what/how should I ...?
- 〜たらどうですか why don't you ...?; how about ...?
- 〜続ける to keep on ...ing; continue doing
- 〜って they say; I heard that; (colloquial quote)
- 〜て（理由・原因） because of; due to (cause/reason)
- 〜てある has been done (and remains so); is in a prepared state
- 〜ていく to go on ~ing; to ~ away (movement/change away from now or speaker)
- 〜ておく do in advance / leave (something) done
- 〜ていただけませんか could you please ...? (very polite request)
- 〜てくる go and come back (do something and return)
- 〜てみる try doing (and see what happens)
- 〜と（条件） whenever; when; if (natural/inevitable result)
- 〜ところだ be just about to / in the middle of / have just done
- 〜という (a thing/person) called ~; named ~
- なかなか〜ない not easily ~; hardly ~ (despite effort/expectation)
- 〜なさい do ~ (gentle command)
- 〜なら if ~ (is the case); if it's ~
- 〜にくい hard to ~; difficult to ~
- 〜にする decide on ~; make it ~
- 〜ので because; since (reason)
- 〜のは〜だ the one that ...; what ... is (nominalizing + focus)
- 〜は〜が、〜は ..., but as for ... (contrast with は)
- 〜ばかり only; nothing but; just (excess/limit)
- 〜はずだ should be; is supposed to (logical expectation)
- 〜始める to begin to ...; start ...-ing
- 〜必要がある it is necessary to ...; need to ...
- 〜ほうがいい had better ...; it's better to ...
- 〜まだ〜ていない have not 〜 yet; still not done
- 〜までに by (a deadline); before (a time)
- 〜まま as it is; leaving (a state) unchanged
- 〜みたいだ it seems; it looks like (conjecture from observation)
- 〜みたいな / 〜みたいに like ~, similar to ~ (example/comparison)
- 〜やすい easy to ~, tends to ~
- 〜ようだ（推量） it seems that ~, it looks like ~ (conjecture)
- 〜ようと思う I think I'll ~, I'm thinking of ~ing (intention)
- 〜ようと思っている be thinking of doing / intend to do
- 〜ような / 〜ように like / such as (giving an example)
- 〜ように（目標・期待） so that / in order that (a non-volitional goal)
- 〜ようにしている make a point of doing / try to do regularly (as a habit)
- 〜ようにする try to / make an effort to (do habitually)
- 〜ようになる come to (do) / reach the point where
- 〜予定だ be scheduled to / be planning to
- 〜らしい（典型） typical of / like a true (noun)