〜て(理由・原因) te

〜て(理由・原因)(te)means “because of; due to (cause/reason)”. The て-form can link a cause to its result: the first clause is the cause, the second the (often uncontrollable) outcome or feeling. Formation: V(て形)/Aい→Aくて/Aな→Aで/N→Nで

because of; due to (cause/reason)

N4

Formation

V(て形)/Aい→Aくて/Aな→Aで/N→Nで

Explanation

The て-form can link a cause to its result: the first clause is the cause, the second the (often uncontrollable) outcome or feeling. The second clause cannot contain a command, request, or invitation. Negative cause-events (earthquake, fire, etc.) are common.

Examples

じしん が あって、でんしゃ が とまりました。
じしん が あって、でんしゃ が とまりました。
There was an earthquake, so the trains stopped.
しらせ を きいて、とても うれしくて なきました。
しらせ を きいて、とても うれしくて なきました。
Hearing the news, I was so happy that I cried.

Note

Since the result clause can't take a command/request, use から/ので when the second clause is an instruction.

FAQ

〜て(理由・原因) — what does it mean and how is it used?

because of; due to (cause/reason). The て-form can link a cause to its result: the first clause is the cause, the second the (often uncontrollable) outcome or feeling. The second clause cannot contain a command, request, or invitation. Negative cause-events (earthquake, fire, etc.) are common.

〜て(理由・原因) — how do you form it?

V(て形)/Aい→Aくて/Aな→Aで/N→Nで

〜て(理由・原因) — any usage notes?

Since the result clause can't take a command/request, use から/ので when the second clause is an instruction.

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