〜にもかかわらず nimo kakawarazu

〜にもかかわらず(nimo kakawarazu)means “in spite of; despite; even though”. Expresses that something happens contrary to what the first clause would lead you to expect. Formation: 普通形 / N + にもかかわらず(ナA・N は「である」を入れることも)

in spite of; despite; even though

N2

Formation

普通形 / N + にもかかわらず(ナA・N は「である」を入れることも)

Explanation

Expresses that something happens contrary to what the first clause would lead you to expect. Stronger and more formal than ~のに, often with a tone of surprise or criticism.

Examples

雨が降っているにもかかわらず、彼は試合を続けた。
あめがふっているにもかかわらず、かれはしあいをつづけた。
Despite the rain, he kept playing the match.
約束したにもかかわらず、彼は来なかった。
やくそくしたにもかかわらず、かれはこなかった。
Even though he had promised, he didn't come.

Note

Often written 〜にも関わらず with kanji; in formal writing the kana form 〜にもかかわらず is standard.

FAQ

〜にもかかわらず — what does it mean and how is it used?

in spite of; despite; even though. Expresses that something happens contrary to what the first clause would lead you to expect. Stronger and more formal than ~のに, often with a tone of surprise or criticism.

〜にもかかわらず — how do you form it?

普通形 / N + にもかかわらず(ナA・N は「である」を入れることも)

〜にもかかわらず — any usage notes?

Often written 〜にも関わらず with kanji; in formal writing the kana form 〜にもかかわらず is standard.

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