〜ことなく koto naku

〜ことなく(koto naku)means “without (doing); never (doing)”. A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Formation: V-る(辞書形)+ことなく

without (doing); never (doing)

N2

Formation

V-る(辞書形)+ことなく

Explanation

A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Often stresses continuity or 'not even once.'

Examples

彼は一日も休むことなく働き続けた。
かれはいちにちもやすむことなくはたらきつづけた。
He kept working without taking even a single day off.
その夢をあきらめることなく、ついに実現させた。
そのゆめをあきらめることなく、ついにじつげんさせた。
Without ever giving up on that dream, he finally made it come true.

Note

Written/formal; in everyday speech use 〜ないで or 〜ずに.

FAQ

〜ことなく — what does it mean and how is it used?

without (doing); never (doing). A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Often stresses continuity or 'not even once.'

〜ことなく — how do you form it?

V-る(辞書形)+ことなく

〜ことなく — any usage notes?

Written/formal; in everyday speech use 〜ないで or 〜ずに.

Related grammar

Learn in the app →