〜ことなく koto naku
〜ことなく(koto naku)means “without (doing); never (doing)”. A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Formation: V-る(辞書形)+ことなく
without (doing); never (doing)
N2Formation
V-る(辞書形)+ことなく
Explanation
A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Often stresses continuity or 'not even once.'
Examples
彼は一日も休むことなく働き続けた。
かれはいちにちもやすむことなくはたらきつづけた。
He kept working without taking even a single day off.
その夢をあきらめることなく、ついに実現させた。
そのゆめをあきらめることなく、ついにじつげんさせた。
Without ever giving up on that dream, he finally made it come true.
Note
Written/formal; in everyday speech use 〜ないで or 〜ずに.
FAQ
〜ことなく — what does it mean and how is it used?
without (doing); never (doing). A formal, written equivalent of 〜ないで/〜ずに, meaning an action is done without the other action ever occurring. Often stresses continuity or 'not even once.'
〜ことなく — how do you form it?
V-る(辞書形)+ことなく
〜ことなく — any usage notes?
Written/formal; in everyday speech use 〜ないで or 〜ずに.